Python中的xlrd模塊使用整理
xlrd是讀取excel表格數據；
支持 xlsx和xls 格式的excel表格；
三方模塊安裝方式：pip3 install xlrd；
模塊導入方式： import xlrd
2.xlrd模塊的基本操作Xler的操作主要分兩步：其一時獲取book對象，其二book對象再次進行excel的讀取操作。
2.1打開excel文件獲取book對象xlrd.open_workbook(filename[,logfile,file_contents,…])
如果filename 文件名不存在，則會報錯 FilenotFoundError。
如果filename 文件名存在，則會返回一個xrld.book.Book 對象。 import xlrd
Workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop銀聯測試案例.xls')print(Workbook)
Names = Workbook.sheet_names()
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測試用例.xlsx')names = workbook.sheet_names()print(names)
Sheets = workbook.sheets()
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測試用例.xlsx')names = workbook.sheets()print(names)
獲取單個的sheet頁對象
三種方式 ：
第一種 worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index()第二種 worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name()第三種 worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UserslwDesktop測試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]print(worksheet1,worksheet2,worksheet3)
通過文件名
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UserslwDesktop測試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()print(workbook.sheet_loaded('公司分部'))
通過索引
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UserslwDesktop測試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()print(workbook.sheet_loaded(0))3.sheet對象的基本操作3.1行操作
①獲取所有行數
Rows = sheet.nrows 特別注意，這是屬性而不是方法，不加括號。
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UserslwDesktop測試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]print(worksheet1.nrows)
②獲取某行的數據，值為列表形式
Value = sheet.row_values()
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UserslwDesktop測試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]value = worksheet1.row_values(1)print(value)
③獲取某行的類型及數據
Sheet.row()
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]value = worksheet1.row(1)print(value)
④獲取某行的類型的列表
Sheet.row_types()
單元類型ctype：empty為0，string為1，number為2，date為3，boolean為4， error為5（左邊為類型，右邊為類型對應的值）；
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]value = worksheet1.row_types(1)print(value)
⑤以切片形式獲取某行的類型及數據
Sheet.row_slice() 記錄分隔符為n
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]value = worksheet1.row_slice(1)print(value)
⑥獲取某行的長度
Sheet.len()
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]value = worksheet1.row_len(1)print(value)
⑦獲取sheet的所有生成器
Sheet.get_rows()
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]row = worksheet1.get_rows()for one in row: print(one)
①獲取有效列數
Sheet.cols 注意：此處為屬性不加括號
②獲取某列數據
Sheet.values()
③獲取某列類型
Sheet.types()
單元類型ctype：empty為0，string為1，number為2，date為3，boolean為4， error為5（左邊為類型，右邊為類型對應的值）；
④以slice切片方式獲取某列數據
Sheet.value_slice()workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]cols = worksheet1.colvalue = worksheet1.col_values(0)type = worksheet1.col_types(0)valuesl = worksheet1.col_slice(0)print(cols)print('----------------------')print(value)print('----------------------')print(type)print('----------------------')print(valuesl)
①獲取單元格數據對象。 sheet.cell(rowx,colx)類型為xlrd.sheet.Cell
②獲取單元格類型。Sheet.cell_type(rowx,colx)
單元類型ctype：empty為0，string為1，number為2，date為3，boolean為4， error為5（左邊為類型，右邊為類型對應的值）；
③獲取單元格數據。
Sheet.cell_value(rowx,colx)
3.4對單元格中的日期/時間操作單元類型ctype：empty為0，string為1，number為2，date為3，boolean為4， error為5（左邊為類型，右邊為類型對應的值）；
①xlrd.xldate_as_tuple()
“{}-{:0>2}-{:0>2}”.format(date[0],date[1],date[2])
②xlrd.xldate_as_datetime(value,mode).strftime(“%Y-%m-%d”)
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測試用例.xlsx')import datetimesheet2_object = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)value_type = sheet2_object.cell(0, 1).ctypevalue_type = sheet2_object.cell_value(1, 4)data = xlrd.xldate.xldate_as_datetime(value_type,0)print(data.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))date = xlrd.xldate.xldate_as_tuple(value_type,0)print('{}-{:0>2}-{:0>2}'.format(date[0],date[1],date[2]))
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